in this work, polypyrrole/ceo2 nanocomposite (nc) was synthesized in the presence of methylorange as a reactive self-degraded soft template. the field emission scanning electron microscopy(fesem) images indicate that the ceo2 nps have a nucleus effect and cause a homogenous ppycore–shell type morphology with an encapsulation of the ceo2 core by the ppy shell. the effect ofnc on acrylic waterbor...

despite the title of intellectual property law, this legal system differs from the classic property law in several aspects, inter alia, the time of protection, the standards for protection, the scope of protection and the enforcement of intellectual property rights. these limitations and differences are largely because of the economic considerations regarding different kinds of positive efficie...

This paper analyses the effects on economic agents’ behaviour of an innovative environmental protection mechanism that the Public Administration of a tourist region may adopt to attract visitors while protecting the environment. On the one hand, the Public Administration sells to the tourists an environmental call option that gives them the possibility of being (partially or totally) reimbursed...

We propose a new measure of allocative efficiency based on unrealized increases in aggregate productivity growth. We show that the difference in the value of the marginal product of an input and its marginal cost at any plant the plant-input “gap” is exactly equal to the change in aggregate output that would occur if that plant changed that input’s use by one unit. The mean absolute gap across ...

This Article evaluates Dirty Input Limits (“DILs”), quantitative limits on the inputs that cause pollution. An environmental protection instrument that the literature has hitherto largely overlooked, DILs provide an alternative to cumbersome output-based emissions trading and performance standards. DILs have played a role in some of the world’s most prominent environmental success stories. They...

This paper presents a comparison of various recovery methods in terms of capacity efficiency with the underlying aim of reducing control plane load. In particular, a method where recovery requests are bundled towards the destination (Shortcut Span Protection) is evaluated can compared against traditional recovery methods. The optimization model is presented and our simulation results show that ...

With dramatic scaling in feature sizes, noise resilience is becoming one of the most important design parameters, similar to performance and energy efficiency. Noise resilience is particularly problematic in long on-chip buses of complex single chip systems such as on-chip multiprocessors. While one might opt to employ a very powerful error protection scheme, this may not be very energy efficie...